by William F. Jasper December 6, 2017. Slovenia does not have a foreign direct investment scrutiny procedure. Denmark believes that China is the only country that can tackle North Korea. Up until February 2016, when France appointed a new minister of foreign affairs, the country’s stance in China-France declarations leaned towards accommodation. The majority of joint statements between 2016 and 2017 highlighted the importance of deepening cooperation within the 16+1 framework. There is science and technology cooperation in the areas of agriculture, environment, renewable energy resources, and biotechnology. The Chinese National Nuclear Corporation failed to acquire Slovakian power plants, but took over Energetic Industrial Holding from the Italian Enel. Lithuania will likely follow Germany’s position on investment screening. Austria neither endorsed the joint statement of March 2016 at the UN Human Rights Council nor signed the February 2017 letter condemning China’s crackdown on human rights. The piece has a duration of about 4:50 minutes and is written in three parts. In 2014, he clearly signalled Romania’s interest in using Chinese investment to support the development of the Romanian nuclear energy sector, and coal, hydroelectricity, and thermal power generation assets. Spain recorded a number of ministerial visits in 2016. This explains the pressure from China to intensify high-level dialogues since 2013. The latter is the longer of the two and uses similar techniques, but in terms of structure the pair have little in common. The bilateral relationship is now flourishing, with a number of high-level visits taking place: prime minister Lars Lokke Rasmussen, the minister of foreign affairs, and the minister of trade visited China between February and May 2017. Romania supports the EU’s stance on market economy status. In 2012, Hu Jintao’s visit to Copenhagen saw large protests on Tibet, which led to the cancellation of a €20m deal on Danish investment in China. The 2017 report noted a rise in the intensity and aggression of influence operations, as well as increased spying. There are significant city-to-city relationships. In May 2014, the Dalai Lama met with then foreign minister Frans Timmermans. China’s policy on Poland has shifted towards a proactive approach since the electoral victory of the Law and Justice party (PiS) in 2015. https://www.gates.com/us/en/customer-support/locations/gates-asia.html Malta neither endorsed the joint statement of March 2016 at the UN Human Rights Council, nor signed the February 2017 letter condemning China’s crackdown on human rights. Belgium did not endorse the joint statement condemning China’s crackdown on human rights at the UN Human Rights Council in March 2016, but it signed the February 2017 letter condemning the torture of Chinese human rights lawyers. L'exécution totale de China Gates dure environ 5 minutes. Luxembourg neither endorsed the joint statement of March 2016 at the UN Human Rights Council, nor signed the February 2017 letter condemning China’s crackdown on human rights. When it gained power in 2013, the Labour government rekindled bilateral relations by securing a cooperation plan (2014) and new investment in Malta from Chinese state-owned enterprise. Market economy status and investment screening fall under the EU’s competence. Relations between China and Portgual intensified following president Hu Jintao’s visit in 2010 and the 2011 financial crisis. At the same time, the German government raises criticism about human rights issues more frequently than in the past. Since January 2016, the Dutch ministers of trade and development, infrastructure and environment, and economic affairs have visited China. On market economy status for China, Cyprus advocates trade criteria rather than a political assessment made by the European Union. Liu Qibao, a member of the Politburo, visited Hungary in April 2017, while Orban attended the first Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) summit the following May, signing a comprehensive strategic partnership. In 2008, China and Denmark signed a comprehensive strategic partnership. China’s largest investment remains a 30 percent stake in the French gas company Engie made in 2011. Chinese investments are said to hold a “mythical” appeal, although less than 1 percent of foreign direct investment in the country is Chinese. Sixty percent of these companies focus on wholesale and retail trade. Alongside two Confucius Institutes and three business associations, the One Belt One Road Foundation supports Bulgaria’s position on the Belt and Road Initiative. Russia may work with the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and China National Nuclear Corporation to build the nuclear power station planned at Belene. In September 2016, Li Keqiang visited the Azores. It does not have a foreign direct investment scrutiny mechanism. There was an increase of 120 percent of Chinese investment in Spain in the period 2015-16. It welcomes a debate within the EU and is likely to remain passive (or slightly opposed) until a majority of member states have come to a decision. Among the largest investments, in 2016 Chinese electrical goods company Midea acquired German robots manufacturer KUKA for €4.4 billion, sparking national and international controversy. In November 2013, a Spanish court ordered a magistrate to issue international arrest warrants for Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, and three other Chinese officials for alleged genocide in Tibet. Beijing froze relations with Spain, and 17 days later Rajoy passed a reform in Congress to limit the use of universal jurisdiction (in place since 2006 on a case involving Tibet). Spain has signed an extradition treaty with China. The Chinese fintech company Ping Pong chose Luxembourg to open its European branch, facilitating e-commerce for Chinese and European sellers. Since then, the company has invested $1 billion in media, football, industrial and metallurgic companies. Reciprocity is at the core of bilateral discussions given that 50 percent of France’s global trade deficit is due to China. In 2016, 70 percent of the Greek population had a positive view of China. Denmark’s position with regard to China is summarised as follows: “China is a trading partner, not an ally”. Two months later, Xi Jinping paid an official visit to Poland (the first such visit since 2004). It is the only country in Europe conducting freedom of navigation exercises in the South China Sea, and has emphasised this at several Shangri-La defence summits. Influence remains limited. In June 2017, Greece blocked a European Union statement on human rights in China at the United Nations.

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