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Bulletin of the U.S. W. and A. 1997. Collins (eds). History of the introduction of food and game fishes into the waters of California. Bailey, R.M., and M.O. Bulletin of Tall Timbers Research Station 20. Schrage, L.J. PCB and PBDE levels in wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from eastern Lake Erie. Morris, J., L. Morris, and L. Witt. J. States with nonindigenous occurrences, the earliest and latest observations in each state, and the tally and names of HUCs with observations†. Utah Department of Fish and Game, Salt Lake City, UT. By the time the fish reach 8 mm the yolk has disappeared and they begin to actively feed. Gainesville, Florida. Origin and geography of the fish fauna of the Laurentian Great Lakes basin. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie 454:463-480. Cole, L.J. Bulletin of the Georgia Academy of Science 29:1-64. Color and proportions are extremely variable, but scales are always large and thick. Its relationship with milt quality is unknown. 1987. Freshwater fishes of Alabama. Bulletin of the U.S. 1906. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. State Biological Survey and University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publication 45, Topeka, KS. Sims Printing Company, Inc., Phoenix, AZ. 1995. Fishes of the Lower Tombigbee River System in Alabama and Mississippi. Speaker, and J. Mayhew. Smiley, C.W. Jordan, D.S. and Cyprinus carpio). 1946. Aquaculture, 129:143-155. Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MI, pp. Frederick Warne Ltd., London, England. http://www.nwrinvasives.com/index.asp (Last accessed 2006). and P.A. Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), in Banarescu, P.M., and H.-J. Harvey. Williams. 742, 496 p. [Translated from Russian by Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem.]. Guide to the Fishes of New Mexico. 1958. A Distributional Atlas of Kentucky Fishes. 1971. Fishes of Alabama and the Mobile Basin. 1970. Bethesda, Md., American Fisheries Society, p. 1-15. Reprinted by the National Biological Service, Environmental Management Technical Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gainesville, FL. It can tolerate a wide range of water quality parameters. Hydrobiologia 511:215-231. Moyle, P.B. Mediterranean shallow lakes support high biodiversity but suffer many anthropogenic threats, including introductions of alien fish. 1999. Boston: Houghton Miflin. 1991. Hocutt, and E.O. Insider Viewpoint Magazine. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, OH. USFWS. Bhavsar, D.A. Pages 322-373 in W.R. Courtenay, Jr., and J.R. Stauffer, editors. In another case, Miller and Beckman (1996) documented white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus eggs in the stomachs of common carp in the Columbia River. Part I. The list of references for all nonindigenous occurrences of Cyprinus carpio are found here. 323 pp. Trautman (1981) found common carp most abundant in streams enriched with sewage or with substantial runoff from agricultural land, but he reported it to be rare or absent in clear, cold waters, and streams of high gradient. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Management Data Series 78, Austin, TX. Carp feed by sucking up mud from the bottom ejecting it and them selectively consuming items while they are suspended (McCrimmon 1968). Management of nonindigenous aquatic fish in the U.S. National Park System. Nelson, J. 322 pp. Hartel et al. Introductions of freshwater fishes in Georgia. 1996. Part XIII. Einfalt, and D.H. Wahl. DeKay, J.E. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN. James's Northeastern Fishing Guide. In a letter to DeKay, Robinson detailed that he kept the fish in ponds and for several years released one to two dozen carp during the spring in the Hudson River near his residence, thereby creating a commercial fishery for the species. Schmid, and J.C. Underhill. September. Fish. 393 pp. In Europe, common carp contributed 1.8% (0.17 Mt) of the total inland fisheries production (9.42 Mt) during 2015–2016. Ross, S. 2001. Exotic fishes of Florida – 1994. A. Poppe of Sonoma, California, imported five specimens from Germany and propagated them in private ponds for commercial purposes, mainly distributing them to applicants as a food fish (Smith 1896; Lampman 1946). 19 pp. Hydrobiologia 632(1):235-245. IN Stroud, R.H., ed. 1968. 1960. This material is based upon work supported by the Character of the carp introduced by Capt. A study of the fishes of Utah. Southern Region. Maryland Conservation Department, Conservation Bulletin 3, Annapolis. Maryland Conservationist 40(2):19-29. The Fishes of Maryland. Matern, S.A., P.B. Iowa Conservation Commission, Des Moines, IA. Swingle, and T. Scott, Jr. 1964. Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin 14:1-266. 1986. 1985. 1981. In California, carp have been implicated in the decrease in water clarity in Clear Lake, Lake County, and in the gradual disappearance of native fishes (Moyle 1976). 1890. Hunt. Annual Report of Missouri River Benthic Fish Study PD-95-5832. Endosulfan sulfate is a major oxidized metabolite of endosulfan, which is a broad-spectrum chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is cultured worldwide and is a major contributor to the world's aquaculture production. the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south. 1998. Pérez-Fuentetaja, A., S. Lupton, M. Clapsadl, F. Samara, L. Gatto, R. Biniakewitz, and D.S. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. Accessed Stuart, IG, A Williams, J McKenzie and T Holt. Lapin, W.J. Fretwell, S. 2004. Freshwater Fishes of Louisiana. of Environmental Management, Division of Fish and Wildlife, West Kingston, Rhode Island. 48–57. Freshwater Fishes of Canada. Fishing Information. Manage. Annotated list of the fishes of Nevada. 1974. Effects of Carp, -Cyprinus carpio L.-, on Communities of Aquatic Vegetation and Turbidity of Waterbodies in the Lower Goulburn River Basin. 38: 7-42. Ritz. Texas System of Natural Laboratories, Inc. 1996. Illinois Natural History Survey. 624 pp. 1975. McCarraher and Gregory (1970) wrote that in 1894 there was documentation that Sacramento perch Archoplites interruptus were becoming more scarce because carp was destroying their spawning grounds. White. Whitney. Internat. Fish Commission examined fish taken from the Hudson River, as well as area fish then being sold on the New York markets, and reported that they were goldfish or goldfish hybrids and not true common carp (Redding 1884; Cole 1905). (Baldry, 2000; Froese and Pauly, 2002), The unique method of feeding employed by common carp has important ecological implications. It stirs up the bottom during feeding, resulting in increased siltation and turbidity (Lee et al. Genus. Warren, Jr. 1986. Bailey, R.M., and G.R. 2004. A fishery survey of important Connecticut lakes. Shields, J.T. The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Fishes of Utah. There is a report of a common carp living an astounding 47 years, probably in captivity. Exotic fishes in Hawaii and other islands of Oceania. Carlson. Anonymous. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Distribution of fishes in U.S. streams tributary to Lake Superior. Fisher, and H. Li. Zoology of New-York, or the New-York fauna. Three sub-species with slightly different scale patterns are recognized. Chemosphere 81(4):541-547. Northwest Science 57(2): 125-131. These fish often overwhelm any ecosystem where they are introduced, so people have tried to get rid of them. Fishes of the World. The Fishes of Nebraska. Devick, W.S. Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver, CO. 77 pp. Freshwater fishes of New York state: a field guide. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 165: 1-93. Carp increase nutrients in the water column in two ways. 1889. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL. Carp in North America. 1980. 782 pp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is cultured worldwide and is a major contributor to the world’s aquaculture production. 2, pp. Rixon, C.A.M., I.C. Missouri Department of Conservation. 1981. Whitney. Mississippi Museum of Natural Science. 2011. Master's thesis, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. Northern fishes, with special reference to the upper Mississippi Valley. 1958b. In: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department [online]. baits and methods for catching Carp It is a major farmed species in European freshwater aquaculture with production localized in central and eastern European countries. Referring to a mating system in which a female mates with several males during one breeding season (compare polygynous). Fishing Records - Nevada. Introduced fishes in the San Luis Valley, Colorado. Florida Atlantic University Quarterly Reports for 1985 to the U.S. Commercial fishing in the Mobile Delta, Alabama, during the period of July 1, 1963 to June 30, 1964. Carp fry is a critical stage in the early life of this species. Experimental control of carp reproduction through water drawdowns in Fort Randall Reservoir, South Dakota. Pearson, W.D., and L.A. Krumholz. 2002. 1996). 784 pp. 353-376 in I Winfield, J Nelson, eds. New Mexico Game and Fish. Paepke (eds.). Pages 381-499 in Report of the Commissioner for the year ending June 30, 1901. LTRMP 96-R008. Pathways of increased water clarity after fish removal from Ventura Marsh; a shallow, eutrophic wetland. Lowe, ed. Fish & Wildlife Service, September 2014 Revised, January 2019 Web Version, 3/18/2019 Photo: M. Rosten/USFWS. Michigan Fish Atlas Maps. 44 pp. As a result of subsequent population growth and dispersal, common carp spread even further. 1984; Miller and Beckman 1996). Effects of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on submerged macrophytes and water quality in a backwater lake on the upper Mississippi River. American Fisheries Society. California Fish and Game. 2001. Gilbert, and R. Franz. A review of genetic improvement of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and other cyprinids by crossbreeding, hybridization and selection. Chumchal, M. 2002. Algae that are large and photosynthetic. Fishes in Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 118:13-26. http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1660/062.118.0103. Sci., 47: 364-372. 1946. In Eurasia there are two poorly defined subspecies, Eurasia (Page and Burr 1991; Balon 1995). There is some question as to when and where common carp was first introduced into the United States. 2000. Anonymous. The biotic communities of southern Nevada. 1981. Common Carp. Brabrand, A., B. Faafeng, J. Nilssen. Banarescu, P., B. Coad. 1-9. Tanner, V.M. They prefer larger, slower-moving bodies of water with soft sediments but they are tolerant and hardy fish that thrive in a wide variety of aquatic habitats. Environmental Biology of Fishes 1(2):205-208. Temperature, stocking density, and availability of food influence individual growth. (Smith, 1991). The introduction of the exotic common carp caused a sharp decline in the population and almost exterminated the schizothoracine fishes in Kashmir valley [4,5]. Walters, D.M. Distribution of Green River fishes in Utah and Colorado following closure of Flaming Gorge Dam. "Cyprinus carpio" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. 1905. Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps) > Cyprininae Etymology: Cyprinus: Latin, cyprinus = carp (Ref. Elsen, and G.W. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. Myers, J. Accessed The common carp Cyprinus carpio L. is one of the most important culturable freshwater fish all around the world. Wiley. Jansen, C. 2003. Report of the State Geologist. 2002. Temporal and spatial trends of organochlorides and mercury in fishes from the St. Clair River/Lake St. Clair corridor, Canada. 166 pp. The common carp has a complex tetraploidized genome, which may historically experience additional whole genome duplication than most other Cyprinids. 1974. 60(2): 145-147. Investigations of Indiana Lakes and Streams 3:1-137. A guide to the fishes of Tennessee and the mid-South. Carp prefer shallow waters with dense macrophyte cover. Downing. The eggs stick to the substrate upon which they are scattered. Yerger, and P.R. and J.T. Fletcher, A., A. Morison, D. Hume. 966 pp. Fishes of the Pit River System, McCloud River System, and Surprise Valley Region. Digestive Activities of Carp as a Major Contributor to the Nutrient Loading of Lakes. Badiou, P.H.J., and L.G. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. Pages 189-213 in new directions in research, management and conservation of Hawaiian freshwater stream ecosystems. University of Arizona Press. Buchanan. U.S. 1885. Fish collected in streams of the South-Central Texas study unit, Texas. Cahoon, W.G. 1999. Robison, H.W., and T.M. Aquai. In other words, India and southeast Asia. The distribution, status, and ecology of the fishes of the Conasauga River system. Berkeley and Los Angeles,CA. Various unusual genetic strains of common carp have been introduced into open waters the United States. 1957. Miller, R.R. Delaware's freshwater and brackish water fishes - a popular account. 2. Douglas, N.H. 1974. 60th Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference, Aquatic Nuisance Species Symposium, Dec. 7, 1998, Cincinnati, OH. Amer. This feeding behavior also destroys rooted aquatic plants that provide habitat for native fish species and food for waterfowl (Dentler 1993). Evermann. Cyprinid Fishes. 1990. Fowler. Distribution and relative abundance of fishes in Wisconsin. Because common carp have a higher salinity tolerance than most freshwater fishes, Swift et al. 1986. Chesapeake Science 17(3):205-211. Noah's farce: The regulation and control of exotic fish and wildlife. 1977. Edmund W. Stiles, Somerset, NJ. Mettee, M.F., E. O'Neil, R.D. Fishes of the Central United States. So common that it is often considered a trash fish, ironically the carp Cyprinus carpio is also the source species for domesticated koi, of which some show specimens … offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) 1988. Gewurtz, S.B., S.P. Moyle, J.B., and W.D. The Fishes of Missouri. Living in Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, New Guinea and associated islands. Shafland, P.L. Common carp are common throughout much of the world. The biology of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. in Camargue, southern France. 523-556. Moyle, P.B., and R.A. Daniels. McDonald, M. 1886. Hänfling, B., P. Bolton, M. Harley, and G.R. Occasional Reports of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Fish Department, Cambridge, MA. Russell. 2009. The Nonindigenous Occurrences section of the NAS species profiles has a new structure. 398 pp. 1982. 1923. Carp in Canada. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN. and G.S. Commercial fishing for carp. Scarnecchia. Michigan Sea Grant, 56 pp. Adult carp are known to eat a wide variety of organisms including, insects, crustaceans, annelids, mollusks, fish eggs, fish remains, and plant tubers and seeds (McCrimmon 1968, Lammens and Hoogenboezem, 1991). Annual Report of the Arizona Fish Commission, 1883-1884, to Frederick A. Tritle, Governor of the Territory of Arizona. In other words, Central and South America. Adaptability and status of introductions of Sacramento perch, Archoplites interruptus, in North America. Southwestern Naturalist 36(2):186-193. Proceedings of a symposium on the role of fish culture in fisheries management at Ozark, MO. Fisheries. Robison. Can. Fishes of South Dakota. 168 pp. 2000. Identification of parvalbumin-like protein as a major protein of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) spermatozoa which appears during final stage of spermatogenesis. 1917. 1996. Wyoming fishes. Cooper, E.L. 1983. 1946. Dietrich MA(1), Nynca J, Bilińska B, Kuba J, Kotula-Balak M, Karol H, Ciereszko A. A Field Guide to Montana Fishes. Inland Fisheries Management in North America. Effects of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on macrophytes and invertebrate communities in a shallow lake. Species. The species also retards the growth of submerged aquatic vegetation by feeding on and uprooting plants (King and Hunt 1967). Gilbert, C.H., and N.B. Lougheed, V. L., and P. Chow-Fraser. Becker. Biodiversity and Conservation 14:1365-1381. Courtenay, W.R., Jr. 1985. living in the southern part of the New World. The introduced fishes of Nevada, with a history of their introduction. University of California Publications, Zoology 115:1-82. Carp is only established in the Florida panhandle. Vertebrates of New Jersey. The coming of the pond fishes. 1992. 414 pp. MacCrellish and Quigley, State Province, Trenton, NJ. Hildebrand, S.F. Manuscript. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), sport fishes, and water quality: ecological thresholds in agriculturally eutrophic lakes. References to specimens that were not obtained through sighting reports and personal communications are found through the hyperlink in the Table 1 caption or through the individual specimens linked in the collections tables. 1997). 2001. (Cahn, 1929; Lammens and Hoogenboezem, 1991; McCrimmon, 1968), Predators on young carp include large fish such as northern pike, muskellunge, walleye, and largemouth bass. 1963. Vacha F. (1998) Information on Czech Republic fisheries. Pages 10-15 in J. H. Taggart, editor. 1995. (Froese and Pauly, 2002; Page and Burr, 1991), Carp often grow 30 to 60 cm in length and weigh 0.5 to 4 kg (Tomelleri and Eberle 1990); it is not uncommon for common carp to reach 15 to 20 kg (McCrimmon 1968). Ichthyofauna and biogeography of Russell Fork (Big Sandy River - Ohio River). A molecular approach to detect hybridization between crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and non-indigenous carp species (Carassius spp. California Fish and Game 28:9-15. University of Colorado Studies, Boulder, CO 11(1):1-136. Limnol., 19: 2461-2468. Rasmussen, J.L. Moore, H.H., and R.A. Bream. 1914. Fish Culture In Fisheries Management. Report of the Commissioner for 1889 to 1891. Army Materials Technology Lab, Watertown, Middlesex, MA. Master's Thesis, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. Wanner et al 2009. 1974. Inland Fishes of California. Fowler, H.W. Duggan, N.M.N. and J.A. Loar. Henry Robinson about 1830. Mettee, M.F., P.E. Schofield, M. Cannister, J. Larson, A. Fusaro, and M. Neilson, 2021, Middle Chattahoochee-Walter F George Reservoir, http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1660/062.118.0103, http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Cyprinus_carpio/en, http://www.fourseasonscampground.com/fishinginfo.asp, http://www.mcz.harvard.edu/fish/ma_fam.htm, http://www.seagrant.umn.edu/news/2004/may11.html, http://www.fw.vt.edu/fishesex/nmex_main/species/010080.htm, http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/fish/fshries/index.htm, http://carpbusters.com/documents/Sorensen_Stacey[1].2004.NZJfinal.pdf, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1577/M05-205.1, http://www.michigan.gov/cgi/0,1607,7-158-12540_13085_13553-30538--,00.html, http://www.brrc.unr.edu/data/animal/vertebrates/fishlist.htm, http://www.fws.gov/greatplainsfishandwildlife/documents/CommonCarpinDeweyLakeFinalReportDecember2009_000.pdf, US Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Risk Screening Summary for.

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